Family: Lamiaceae
Genus & Species: Ocimum basilicum
Common Names: Sweet basil, garden basil
Overview: “Basil” refers to over 150 different kinds of plants, all members of the mint family, many of which are used medicinally. [1] The most common representative of these aromatic siblings is Ocimum basilicum, a species native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. [2] Basil’s relationship with humanity reaches far back into ancient history in regions like Egypt and Greece, where it was placed in the hands of the dead to assist their journey into the afterlife. It was also believed to have been seen outside Christ’s tomb following his resurrection, leading many Christian Orthodox groups to use basil in the preparation of holy water to this day. [1]
Basil has also drawn the attention of modern researchers, thanks to its exceptionally high activity as an antioxidant and antimicrobial. Within traditional herbal medicine, the herb is recognized as a cooling nervine, respiratory aid, and superb digestive. [1,3] As an herb that supports so many of the body’s systems, it’s no wonder that basil is so ubiquitous across the globe!
Therapeutic Properties: Nervine, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, decongestant, anti-depressant, digestive, antispasmodic, galactagogue [1,3]
Typical Uses: Basil is most frequently taken as an infusion, or tea, using either the fresh or dried leaves. Since many of its medicinal constituents are volatile oils, it’s best to keep the infusion covered while it's steeping. Infusions are a great way to experience basil’s supportive effects on the digestive and nervous system, or in instances where its benefits are needed throughout the body (such as mild generalized inflammation). [1,3] Another traditional way to use basil is as a poultice. Poultices are made by soaking a piece of cloth in a potent herbal infusion which is then applied directly on the body. A basil poultice placed on the forehead can serve as a fantastic remedy for foggy headedness or irritability. [1]1. Basil | Richard Whelan Medical Herbalist
2. Ocimum basilicum | Missouri Botanical Garden
3. Basil: Herb of the Week | Commonwealth Herbs
Image by jacqueline macou from Pixabay
]]>Genus & Species: Melaleuca alternifolia
Common Names: Tea Tree
Overview: Tea tree is a species of tree or tall shrub in the myrtle family that is native to Australia. However, it is now so well known that its name is practically synonymous with “essential oil”. Tea Tree’s prominent reputation is, in-part, thanks to the practicality and strength of its essential oil in a number of different applications. The distilled oil is rich with monoterpenes and exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. [1] The earliest recorded use of tea tree as medicine was by the Bundjalung Aborigines of northern New South Wales. To treat coughs and colds they would inhale the powdered leaf or sprinkle some directly onto wounds before applying a poultice. [2] Presumably, these methods allowed them to take advantage of the herb’s broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. [1, 2]
Therapeutic Properties: Antiseptic, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral.
Typical Uses: Tea tree’s potent antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties lend it a surprisingly wide array of applications. Tea tree essential oil has been demonstrated to be helpful for treating fungal infections such as athlete’s foot and dandruff and bacterial infections such as gingivitis and acne. [2, 3] To make us of the topical benefits, heavily dilute a few drops of the essential oil into another oil such as olive or sunflower. Then, apply the mixture to areas of concern three or four times a day.
References:
1. Review on Efficacy and Safety of Tea Tree Oil in Treating Acne | American Botanical Council
2. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties | PubMed Central®
3. Tea Tree Oil | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
Genus & Species: Thymus vulgaris
Common Names: Common Thyme, Garden Thyme, German Thyme
Overview: Thyme is a perennial shrub with its original roots in the Mediterranean, where it became an important part of the local culture and everyday life. It has since been cultivated across Europe, the United States, and Morocco, facilitating an even deeper bond between mankind and this ancient medicine. [1,2] The historical use of thyme can be traced back to the ancient Egyptians, who used the herb as a pain reliever as well as a crucial ingredient in their embalming process. [3] Its modern name has two possible origins, both stemming from Greek culture. “Thyme” may be derived from thyo, the Greek word for “perfume” or “fumigation”, since it was used as incense and was known for its sweet, balsamic odour. Alternatively, it may be derived from the Greek word thymus, which signifies courage and strength, as the herb was believed to impart invigoration and inspiration. [1,2]
Therapeutic Properties: Anti-bacterial, anti-viral, antispasmodic, expectorant, anthelmintic, carminative, analgesic [1,4]
Typical Uses: Thyme is most commonly incorporated into medicines that target the respiratory system. The volatile oils and other constituents found in the plant can open the airways and gently stimulate the removal of unwanted mucus from the lungs. [1,4] For these purposes, thyme can be used both externally and internally. By infusing the herb into a carrier oil and adding a bit of natural wax, you can make a lovely chest rub that slowly releases the beneficial components into the air throughout your day. Alternatively, thyme can be steeped in hot water to create an invigorating infusion that circulates its antimicrobial and lung-supporting compounds throughout the body. Just make sure to cover the vessel you’re steeping the herb in! Volatile oils will rapidly diffuse right out of your cup and into your room if the water isn't covered.
References:
1. Thyme, Garden | The Modern Herbal
2. Thyme | American Botanical Council
3. A History of Thyme | Rocky Mountain Spice Company
4. Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) | The Naturopathic Herbalist
Image by Hans Braxmeier from Pixabay
Genus & Species: Camellia japonica
Common Names: Common Camellia, Rose of Winter, False Flax, Japanese Camellia [1]
Overview: Camellia is a slow growing, evergreen shrub that’s native to Japan, China, and Korea. [1] The oil retrieved from the seed is known in Japan as tsubaki oil, which has a long history of both culinary and cosmetic use. Most notably, tsubaki oil was used by geisha for its ability to nourish and strengthen the skin and hair, helping to facilitate graceful aging. [2] Like many traditional self-care practices, modern research is just beginning to recognize the benefits of using camellia seed oil. It’s been found to reduce signs of aging in two distinct ways. It protects the skin against urban environmental pollutants, which have been identified as a primary cause for aging skin. It also reduces trans-epidermal water loss, protecting collagen from the damage caused by dehydration such as wrinkles. [3,4] Camellia’s moisture-guarding properties extends to hair as well, where it helps to tame frizz, protect ends, and maintain a healthy sheen. As part of its nourishing retinue, camellia seed oil contains oleic acids, linoleic acids, squalene, vitamin E, and vitamin A, all of which contribute to the health of skin and hair in numerous ways. [2]
Therapeutic Properties: Emollient, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, hepatoprotective, cholesterol-lowering, carminative. [2,3,4]
Typical Uses: Any substance that is as gentle and wholly nourishing as camellia oil can be used in so many ways. To take advantage of it’s skin rejuvenating properties, 5-8 drops can be applied to the skin after cleansing and after any water-based products. Gently tap or press the oil into the face to aid with absorption. To use camellia oil as a hair-care agent, add a dime-sized amount onto your palm and spread it evenly over your hands. Run your fingers through your locks and massage your scalp, moving the oil to all parts of your hair and repeating with more oil, as needed. Use just enough oil to create a subtle, healthy sheen. While this practice is great for every day protection, camellia oil can also be used as a deeply nourishing hair-mask. To do this, follow the same steps as above, except use about 3 or 4 times more oil, thoroughly covering every strand. Leave the oil in for 20 minutes to an hour and then wash your hair with a gentle shampoo.
References:
1. Camellia japonica | Missouri Botanical Garden
2. Camellia Seed Oil: A Beauty Elixir From East Asia | New Directions Aromatics
3. Protective effects of Camellia japonica… | PubMed Central®
4. Effect of Camellia japonica oil… | PubMed Central®
Image by JackieLou DL from Pixabay
1. Angelica | The Modern Herbal
2. Angelica | Our Herb Garden
3. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory… | Nature
Genus & Species: Rosemarinus officinale
Common Names: Compass plant, Romero
Overview: Rosemary is a perennial evergreen shrub with needle-like leaves that give off a stimulating, camphoraceous scent. While the leaves are themselves packed with aromatic volatile oils, the purple or light blue flowers are where these oils are most concentrated. [1] Rosemary was held in high regard throughout the mediterranean, peticularly by the Greeks and Romans who used it to “strengthen” memory and relieve indigestion. [2] It was also widely used as incense in religious festivals, funerals, and magical ceremonies. In fact, one of the old French names for rosemary was “incensier”, as it was a common practice in hospitals to burn it along with juniper berries to purify the air and prevent the spread of disease. [1] Modern scientific studies have also revealed rosemary to be a powerful healing agent with numerous applications, including the ability to protect the liver from damage by heavy metals and limit the proliferation of cancerous cells. [3]
Therapeutic Properties: Carminative, antidepressant, antioxidant, antispasmodic, circulatory stimulant, antimicrobial, emmenagogue, analgesic, neuroprotective, anti-ulcerative, hepatoprotective, astringent. [1,2,3]
Typical Uses: Rosemary’s uses extend far beyond the kitchen spice cabinet! Both the raw herb and the essential oil are wonderful carriers of rosemary’s therapeutic properties. As a raw herb, rosemary can be made into a tea by steeping it in hot but not boiling water. This makes an effective medicine for indigestion, dull cognition, and provides the body with the herb’s phenolic antioxidants. [2] Rosemary can also be infused into a carrier oil or a few drops of the essential oil can be added to an oil for topical application. Applying rosemary oil is a great way to increase blood circulation to a specific area of the body, and because of its astringent and antioxidant properties, it makes a fantastic facial oil. [1,2]
References:
1. Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinale) | Herb Rally
2. Rosemary leaf | American Botanical Council
3. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) as therapeutic and prophylactic agent | PubMed Central®
Photo by Hans Braxmeier from Pixabay
Genus & Species: Ocimum sanctum
Common Names: Holy Basil, Vrinda, Vishnu Vallabha ("beloved of Vishnu") [1]
Overview: Tulsi, or holy basil, is a branching, aromatic shrub in the basil family that is so revered in Ayurvedic medicine that it has earned the titles of “The Incomparable One” and “The Queen of Herbs”. [2] In Hinduism, holy basil is considered to be the corporeal manifestation of the goddess Tulsi, an avatar or form of the goddess Lakshmi. The plant itself is worshipped by many Hindus as a symbol of motherhood and the divine feminine. [1] From an Ayurvedic perspective, tulsi is thought to stimulate the body’s internal housekeeping and reduce toxin-induced damage, which seems to be supported by scientific research. [1] Not only does tulsi contain high levels of antioxidants, but it also increases the production of endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione. Tulsi also appears to enhance the activity of compounds like superoxide dismutase and catalase, which protect cells and their organelles from stress and damage. [2] In other words, tulsi slows down the process of cellular aging. While these qualities alone are impressive, it's just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to this plant’s profound health-enhancing properties.
Therapeutic Properties: Antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, hepato-protective, neuro-protective, cardio-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-carcinogenic, analgesic, antipyretic, immunomodulatory, nervine, nootropic, anti-asmatic, anti-depressant, diaphoretic, adaptogenic, anxiolytic, expectorant. [1,2]
Typical Uses: Tulsi is traditionally taken as a tea or decoction, however, tinctures have also become a popular method to reap its many benefits. Beyond its widespread antioxidant activity, tulsi is fantastic for supporting physical and emotional equilibrium in times of stress. [3] Additionally, tulsi tea can be drunk daily to facilitate our body’s ability to eliminate heavy metals and other toxic chemicals found in our environment, an action heavily supported by modern research. [2] Tulsi’s ability to improve health is not limited to internal use alone. The role of antioxidants in the maintenance of skin health is widely known by dermatologists [4] and diluted essential oils, hydrosols, and oil infusions of tulsi can all be applied to the skin to provide it’s many cell-protecting benefits to our largest organ.
References:
1. The Sacred Tulsi | Tulsi Mandir
2. Tulsi - Ocimum sanctum: A herb for all reasons | PubMed Central®
3. Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant… | PubMed Central®
4. Antioxidants in dermatology | PubMed Central®
Genus & Species: Daucus carota
Common Names: Queen Anne’s Lace, Devils Plague
Overview: Wild carrot, the ancestor of our common edible carrot, was originally native to Southern Europe, but with the help of traveling medicine makers, has become naturalized to North America, Japan, and even Australia. It’s common name, Queen Anne’s Lace, originates from a legend about Queen Anne of England, an expert lacemaker; One day while crafting, she pricked her finger with a needle, sending a small drop of blood onto her lace and giving D. carota it’s signature purple floret at the center of its flower. [1,2] There’s evidence to suggest that wild carrot has been used as medicine since antiquity. A decoction of the leaves was ingested to support kidney and liver function, treat edema, and it was even used as an herbal “morning after pill” due to its ability to stimulate the release of sex hormones. [1] Because of its hormonal action, wild carrot can also help to reduce menstrual cramping. D. carota was also known to be particularly helpful for dry and chapped skin. Oil infusions of the plant have been used for centuries in Europe because of its ability to sooth, soften irritated skin. [2]
Therapeutic Properties: Carminative, anti-inflammatory, uterine stimulant, endocrine tonic, diuretic, antiseptic, laxative, liver tonic, abortifacient, aphrodisiac, anti-fungal, emmenagogue, demulcent. [1,2]
Typical Uses: To receive the skin-healing benefits of wild carrot, it’s best to make an oil infusion by soaking the above-ground portions of the plant in a chosen carrier oil. Once the oil has received all of the beneficial ingredients (1-2 months without heat), you can apply the infusion to chapped, inflamed, or dry areas of the body. Doing this multiple times a day will facilitate a quicker recovery for the skin. Alternatively, to make use of wild carrot’s digestive, uterine, and kidney supporting qualities a tea or decoction is best. Because of its direct action on the endocrine system however, this herb is not recommended for anyone who is pregnant or is attempting to become pregnant.
References:
1. Queen Anne’s Lace | Common Sense Home
2. Wild Carrots | Carrot Museum
Genus & Species: Hypericum perforatum
Common Names: St. John’s Wort, Klamath Weed, Goat Weed
Overview: St. John’s Wort is an herbaceous flowering perennial that is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia but has naturalized to North America and Australia. It’s prodigious seed production allows it to spread rapidly so the plant can easily be found growing in disturbed soil, such as on the side of roads and in neglected fields. In pre-Christian religions St. John’s Wort was often associated with the sun because of its yellow color and was used in many forms of divination. [1] Typically, the entire above-ground portion of the plant is used in medicine making.
Therapeutic Properties: Anxiolytic, anti-depressant, anesthetic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, cholagogue, vulnerary. [2]
Typical Uses: St. John’s Wort is an herb with dual personalities. When taken internally as a tea or tincture, the plant soothes the nervous system, reducing anxiety, depression, muscle spasms, and pain. [3] However, when St. John’s Wort is applied topically in the form of a balm or salve, it protects and heals the skin from damage. Its ability to reduce inflammation, accelerate skin repair, and kill pathogens make St. John’s Wort an ideal herb for cuts, bruises, and repairing everyday environmental damage. [2]
References:
1. St. John’s Wort: Ancient Herbal Protector | Christopher Hobbs, Ph.D.
2. St. John’s Wort: Not Just for Depression | Herbal Academy
3. St. John’s Wort | American Botanical Council
Genus & Species: Prunella vulgaris
Common Names: Heal-all, Woundwort, Heart-of-the-earth, Carpenter’s herb
Overview: Self-heal is an herb that’s had a reputation as a “cure-all’ since the 16th century and this incredible powerhouse of a medicine is certainly deserving of the title. [1] The herbaceous perennial is native to North America, Europe, and Asia, but has since become naturalized to areas of every continent. [2] For centuries, self-heal has been used to treat an incredible array of conditions: tuberculosis, inflammation, endometriosis, osteoarthritis and even dementia. [1] It’s been found to be particularly effective against viral infections such as the cold and flu because of its ability to stop the virus from binding to cells, which inhibits its replication. [1, 3]
Therapeutic Properties: Anti-inflammatory, lymphagogue, anti-viral, antibacterial, nootropic, vulnerary, anti-ulcer, stomach and intestinal rejuvenation. [1,3]
Typical Uses: Self-heal is one of those herbs with a great variety of uses. The herb can be eaten fresh, made into a tea, or infused into an oil for topical application. Self-heal has a mildly bitter yet sweet taste, so it makes a fantastic addition to any spring salad, when its lymph moving properties are particularly helpful. [1] Made into a tea, self-heal serves as a powerful supporting agent for anyone recovering from a cold or the flu. When infused into an oil it can be applied to minor wounds or inflamed areas of the body to take advantage of its antiseptic, skin repairing, and anti-inflammatory properties. [1,3]
References:
1. Self-Heal: Herb of the Week | CommonWealth Center for Holistic Herbalism
2. Prunella vulgaris | CABI
3. Immune Modulatory Effects of Prunella Vulgaris L | PubMed Central®
Genus & Species: Rosa canina and Rosa rubiginosa
Common Names: Rose hep, Rose haw
Overview: Rosehip seeds are found in clusters within the accessory fruit of the rose plant. All rose plants have rosehips, however, Rose canina and Rosa rubiginosa are most commonly used because of their impressive oil and vitamin content. Both the rosehip and its seeds are packed full of antioxidant compounds. The outer coating of the rosehip contains water-soluble antioxidants such as quercetin and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and the seeds contain many fat-soluble antioxidants. While more research should be done, bioactive compounds in rosehips have been shown to help treat inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis, assist in the management of diabetes and atopic dermatitis, and even reduce signs of skin aging. [1]
Therapeutic Properties: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiscorbutic, cardio-tonic, demulcent, nutritive
Typical Uses: Whole rosehips are commonly infused into tea to take advantage of its high vitamin C content, its ability to soothe the digestive system and liver, and its significant antioxidant activity. [2] Another common way to utilize the benefits of rosehips is through topical application of the seed’s oil. With this method, the skin can reap all the benefits of this herbs potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging benefits. [1] With such a wide array of properties that support the overall vitality of the skin, rosehip seed oil is an ideal addition to any skincare routine.
References:
1. Therapeutic Applications of Rose Hips... | PubMed Central®
2. Rose Hips | The Northwest School For Botanical Studies
Genus & Species: Rosa spp.
Overview: The term rose refers to a group of perennial bushy shrubs that carry a fragrance so captivating, they have found themselves a prominent place within cultures across Europe and Asia. There are a number of different species of rose but R. gallica, R. centifolia, and R. damascena are the forms most commonly cultivated. While the constituents of the different species vary somewhat, their energetic properties and therapeutic actions are largely the same. [1] Rose is said to have a significant cooling action, making it an ideal herb to treat parts of the body that commonly suffer from conditions due to excessive heat, including the skin, eyes, and digestive tract. Rose also has a profound ability to soothe a heavy heart and calm a restless mind. [2] Modern scientific research has found rose to have an extensive effect on the central nervous system, offering neuroprotective, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and analgesic benefits.
Therapeutic Properties: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitussive, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, anxiolytic, antioxidant, bronchodilator, astringent, neuroprotective, nervine
Typical Uses: The ways in which rose can be used are incredibly diverse. When rose petals are steam-distilled one of the byproducts of the process is hydrosol. This fragrant water can be misted directly onto the body or added to a bath to take advantage of rose’s calming effects on the skin and mind. With rose hydrosol’s simultaneous astringent and hydrating properties along with its ability to reduce the inflammation caused by acne, it is truly nature’s toner. [2.3] Rose petals can also be steeped in hot water for a delicious floral tea with heart-calming and stomach-soothing properties. [3]
References:
1. Rose - A Medicinal Herb | Herb Federation of New Zealand
2. The Blissful Benefits of Rose | Lotus Blooming Herbs™
3. Pharmacological Effects of Rosa Damascena | PubMed Central®
Genus & Species:Trifolium pratense
Common Names: Red Clover, Purple Clover, Cow Clover, Meadow Clover
Overview: Red Clover is a flowering perennial that is native to Europe, Western Asia, and Northwest Africa, but has since been planted and naturalized in many regions. It is often planted as a cover crop to fix nitrogen in the soil, and used as green manure. The flowers are used medicinally and are purplish-pink, shaggy, dense globes about an inch in diameter. The leaves are smooth and divided into three oval, finely toothed leaflets with a creme-colored chevron in the center. [1]
Therapeutic Properties: Alterative, antispasmodic, expectorant [2]
Typical Uses: Red Clover is often an ingredient in liniments and balms, for relieving the pain of both eczema and psoriasis, for sores, burns, and as an aid against skin cancer. It is also consumed as a tea and has a reputation as a “blood purifier,” with affinities to the respiratory, circulatory and lymphatic systems. Because of its concentration of the phytoestrogens daidzein and genistein, which mimic the activity of estrogen, red clover has been studied for its use in alleviating the discomfort of menopause. [3]
References:
1. Red Clover – Herb of the Month | California School of Herbal Studies
2. Red Clover Tea | Herbal Academy
3. Red Clover | Medicine Hunter
Additional References:
Red Clover | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Red Clover | Richard Whelan Medical Herbalist
Photo 56027659 © Yuliya Papkova | Dreamstime.com
Genus & Species: Urtica dioica
Common Names: Nettle, Stinging Nettle, Dwarf Nettle, Devil’s Leaf
Overview: Nettle is a common perennial herb native to western North America, Europe, and northern Africa. It can often be found on disturbed soil or at the edge of forests. [1] This powerful plant is so well-known within herbal medicine for its ability to impart vitality and vibrancy that there is a common saying among herbalists, “When in doubt, use nettles!”. Plants can often give us hints about their medicinal properties through their color, preferred environment, or growth patterns, and in the case of nettle, it is one of the first plants to sprout in the early spring. And indeed, nettle is packed full of the vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients that a comforting winter diet might lack. [2] This herb’s impressive nutrient profile includes vitamin A, C, E, F, K, and P, as well as minerals like iron, calcium, copper, magnesium and selenium. If that wasn’t enough, nettle contains high amounts of vitamin B-complexes such as niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and B-6, all of which act as potent antioxidants. [1,3]
Therapeutic Properties: Analgesic, antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, blood-builder, detoxifier, diuretic, endocrine supporter, nutritive tonic, vulnerary.
Typical Uses: Infusion is a common preparation of nettles. This can be done by pouring boiling water over the leaves and allowing the mixture to slowly steep over a period of 8-24 hours. With this method all of the vitamins and minerals are given enough time to fully dissolve into the water, resulting in a delicious tea that can be drunk throughout the day. [2] Drinking an infusion regularly for a few weeks in early spring can also significantly reduce the symptoms of seasonal allergies. [3] For topical use, nettle can be infused into an oil and applied directly to inflamed areas that need some attention. Nettle is also a fantastic herb for everyday skin care. Oxidative stress is one of the largest causes of skin aging and nettle provides the skin with many different kinds of antioxidants which slow this process down. [1,4]
References:
1. Nettle | Herb Rally
2. A Family Herb: Stinging Nettle Leaf Uses | Herbal Academy
3. Nettle: Herb of the Week | CommonWealth Center For Holistic Herbalism
4. Oxidative Stress in Aging Human Skin | PubMed Central®
Genus & Species: Melissa officinalis
Common Names: Lemon balm, Bee balm, Melissa, Heart’s delight, and Sweet balm.
Overview: Lemon balm is an herbaceous perennial with gentle aromatic notes of mint and citrus. This unassuming member of the mint family has a relationship with humans that goes back thousands of years. Native to the Mediterranean and Asia, lemon balm was used (and still is) by beekeepers who crush the fresh herb and place it in a newly constructed hive. The herb contains many of the same chemical compounds that are found in bee pheromones, which are released into the air upon crushing. Interestingly, that isn't lemon balm’s only connection to the world of bees. Its genus name, Melissa, was the name of the nymph who discovered honey and nursed Zeus as an infant in Greek mythology. [1] The herb’s association with the vitality of bees and maternal nurturing isn't by chance; lemon balm has long been used in herbal medicine as a gentle nervine that can rejuvenate the heart and mind at their deepest levels.
Therapeutic Properties: Antidepressant, anti-hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant antispasmodic, anti-viral, anxiolytic, digestive, nootropic, nutritive tonic, sedative. [2, 3]
Typical Uses: Lemon balm is an herb that can be safely used both internally and topically. An herbal tea can be made from the dried leaves to take advantage of its anxiety-reducing, mood-lifting, and brain-boosting properties. Because lemon balm has both antiviral and sedative effects, it can be an ideal tea for anyone suffering from a mild respiratory or stomach virus. [2] Additionally, lemon balm’s antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects combine to make a highly effective topical treatment for lesions caused by viruses such as the herpes simplex virus. [4] For topical application, the dried herb can be infused into an oil either by slow cooking or a long-term infusion. The gentle oil can then be applied to enhance everyday skin health or for more acute conditions.
References:
1. Lemon Balm: The Immortal Life of Bees | Herbal Academy
2. A Family Herb: Lemon Balm Benefits | Herbal Academy
3. Modulation of Mood and Cognitive... | PubMed Central®
4. Lemon Balm | Penn State Hershey
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus & Species: Lavandula angustifolia
Common Names: Lavender, English Lavender, True Lavender
Overview: The name Lavender refers to a group of 30 different species of perennial herbs. These incredibly aromatic members of the mint family are native to regions bordering the Mediterranean. [1] Of these different species, the most common form grown in North America is L. angustifolia, or English Lavender. Don’t let the name fool you though, this species is not, in fact, native to England, but to the Mediterranean . [2] Lavender’s name originates from the Latin word “lavare”, meaning “to wash”, as the herb was often associated with cleanliness and was widely used in Roman baths. [3] Modern research into the therapeutic properties of lavender and its essential oil thoroughly support lavender’s classical role in herbal medicine. It has been shown to be an effective treatment for mild depression, insomnia and pain. [4]
Therapeutic Properties: Analgesic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidepressant, anti-hypertensive, anxiolytic, cholagogue, nervine, rubefacient, sedative, vulnerary [3,4]
Typical Uses: There is a wide variety of ways to experience lavender’s benefits for the mind and body. The herb’s essential oil can be diffused into the air to calm the nerves and uplift the spirit. This can be done by using the oil in a diffuser or it can even be added to a hot bath for a deeply relaxing soak. Additionally, a few drops of lavender essential oil can be combined with a carrier oil and massaged into the feet for a stronger pain relieving and sedating effect. [4] Lavender can also make a delicious and aromatic tea that can offer many of the same benefits. [3]
References:
1. Lavender | Encyclopedia Britannica
2. Lavender Main Types | Gardenia
3. Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) | Herb Rally
4. Lavender and the Nervous System | PubMed Central®
Genus & Species: Equisetum arvense
Common Names: Scouring Rush, Horse Pipes, Joint-grass, Bottle-brush
Overview: Horsetail is a non-flowering perennial and a close relative of the fern. Its native habitat includes parts of North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Horsetail’s medicinal use dates back to the times of ancient Greece and Rome, where it was valued for its ability to stop bleeding, heal ulcers and wounds, and to treat kidney diseases. Modern research has found horsetail to be a promising treatment for osteoporosis because of its ability to increase bone density. [1] Many of its medicinal qualities are due to the herb’s remarkable silica content. In fact, the herb contains so much silica that when it dries, crystals of this vital element form on the plant’s surface. [1,2]
Therapeutic Properties: Immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, astringent, anti-hemorrhagic, hemostatic, diuretic, vulnerary, anti-rheumatic, connective tissue tonic [2]
Typical Uses: Horsetail has a long history of being prepared as a decoction to treat ulcers, UTIs, kidney stones, and inflammation of the skin and inner organs. Because of its high content of silica and other minerals, horsetail decoction is also ideal for increasing bone density throughout the body. Alternatively, it can be infused into a carrier oil or liniment for topical application. With this method, horsetail acts as a powerful vulnerary and anti-inflammatory, helping to heal damaged skin and strengthen connective tissue. [3]
References:
1. Horsetail | Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
2. Equisetum Arvense | The Naturopathic Herbalist
3. Horsetail Herb | American Botanical Council
Genus & Species: Ginkgo biloba
Common Names: Maidenhair Tree
Overview: Ginkgo biloba is a large deciduous tree that garners quite a bit of attention from biologists and herbalists alike. Regarded as a “living fossil”, this unique elder-plant has existed for 270 million years without any changes. Amazingly, it has no living relatives in existence. [1] The individual trees are also known for their incredibly long life span, exemplified by the thriving 1,400 year old ginkgo found at a Buddhist temple in China. Fittingly, ginkgo’s most common use in herbal medicine is as an agent to improve symptoms of Alzheimer’s and impaired circulation in the elderly. [2,3] Modern clinical studies have demonstrated that extracts of ginkgo leaf specifically improve cerebral blood flow and reduce depression, tinnitus, and memory loss. [3]
Therapeutic Properties: Nootropic, circulatory stimulant and tonic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, antioxidant, antispasmodic, anti-depressant, antiplatelet, gentle stimulant, astringent. [3,4]
Typical Uses: Ginkgo is most often taken internally, either as a standardized extract or as a tea. Both forms facilitate ginkgo’s effect as a cognitive enhancer and general circulatory tonic. It’s also best to use the herb internally if you’re hoping to experience its mood lifting, energizing, and antioxidant benefits. [3] However, if there is a specific part of the body that would benefit from increased circulation, then a topical application might be your best bet. This can be done by infusing ginkgo leaves into a carrier oil and then applying it to the area of concern a couple of times throughout the day.
References:
1. Rethinking Ginkgo biloba L.: Medicinal uses and conservation | PubMed Central®
2. Ginkgo biloba | The Naturopathic Herbalist
3. Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract | American Botanical Council
Genus & Species: Zingiber officinale
Common Names:
Overview: Ginger is a large tuberous perennial that grows in tropical regions of Asia. [1] This remarkable rhizome has a history of medicinal use going back 5000 years in China and India where it was consumed for its diverse array of healing properties. In fact, the herb has been cultivated for so long that Z. officinale is not found in the wild and its exact origins are unknown. [2] Outside of Asia, ginger has also been used historically in Germany, Greece, and throughout much of Africa. [1] It’s most commonly used to treat acute discomfort in the G.I. tract, such as nausea, emesis, motion sickness, or morning sickness. Outside of the gut, ginger has many benefits as well. The primary bioactive constituents, gingerols, have been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and even anticancer activity. [2]
Therapeutic Properties: Diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, digestive, carminative, antibiotic, antiemetic, vasodilator, antispasmodic, hepatoprotective, nootropic [2,3,4]
Typical Uses: The most popular way to prepare ginger is likely an infusion, and for good reason! Ginger tea is a delicious and a fast active stomach soother. In addition to its digestive benefits, ginger tea can be a wonderful alternative to coffee because of its brain-boosting and gentle stimulatory effect. Drinking ginger tea can also be a great ally to the immune system when fighting a cold because of its antibiotic action. [4] Another effective way to use ginger is by infusing it into an oil. Ginger oil can be regularly applied to inflamed areas of the body to take advantage of its potent anti-inflammatory action and reduce any pain in the region. [2,3]
References:
1. Ginger root | American Botanical Council
2. The Amazing and Mighty Ginger | PubMed Central®
3. Zingiber officinalis | The Naturopathic Herbalist
4. 6 Ways to Use Ginger Every Day | The Herbal Academy
Genus & Species: Symphytum officinale
Common Names: Comfrey, Boneset, Knitbone, Slippery-root, Quaker Comfrey
Overview: Comfrey is a flowering perennial with stalks 2-3 ft. high lined with broad leaves that are covered in many small and sticky hairs. These hairs may stimulate itching when touched, so gloves are recommended when gathering. This potent plant is a member of the Borage family, as such, the two plants share many medicinal properties while still remaining distinct in their uses. Comfrey is native to Europe and many parts of Asia, but because of its impressive medicinal qualities it has naturalized to many parts of the world. [1] A constituent in comfrey called allantoin has been found to promote granulation and cell formation, accelerating the body’s healing process on a cellular level. [2]
Therapeutic Properties: Astringent, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vulnerary, demulcent, expectorant [3]
Typical Uses: When applied topically, comfrey can become an indispensable part of anyone’s herbal first-aid kit. For thousands of years this fuzzy plant has been revered for its ability to heal broken bones, lesions, bruises and inflammatory conditions. Comfrey can also quickly soothe sore and swollen joints thanks to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions. Comfrey is often used as a poultice, where the herb is wrapped in a cloth, steeped in hot water, and then repeatedly pressed onto the injured area of the body. Alternatively, comfrey can be infused into a salve or carrier oil for more convenient application. [1,2]
References:
1. Comfrey | Botanical A Modern Herbal
2. Comfrey Uses and Remedies | Herbal Academy
3. Comfrey: A Clinical Overview | PubMed Central®
Genus & Species: Galium aparine
Common Names: Goosegrass, Bedstraw, Catchweed, Sticky Willow, Grip Grass, Velcro Plant
Overview: Cleavers is an herbaceous annual plant native to North American, Asia, and Europe. It is often one of the first signs of growth in the new year, coming out just when its medicinal properties are most needed. Cleavers is an herb that supports the body’s ability to cleanse itself which is ideal for eliminating the residual stagnation from the heavier foods of winter. [1] This herb has a particular affinity for purifying the lymphatic system, the kidneys, and the skin. [2] In addition to it’s cleansing properties, Cleavers is a fantastic all-around skin healer which may help heal sunburns and psoriasis. [1,3]
Therapeutic Properties: Lymphagogue, anti-inflammatory, alterative, diuretic, vulnerary.
Typical Uses: To make use of Cleaver’s systemic cleansing properties, it’s best to ingest the herb. This can be done by making a tea, though cleavers is one of the few medicinal plants that can be easily juiced. [1] To make a juice, blend some fresh leaves with about a tablespoon of water until it turns into a liquid pulp. Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth and squeeze every last drop of liquid out. The resulting juice can be ingested as a potent spring tonic, or even applied topically to soothe and heal burns on the skin. [1,3] Cleavers can also be infused into an oil to make an ideal daily treatment that will break up stagnation in the skin, encouraging new nutrients to circulate through while bringing out your skin’s natural vibrancy. [2]
References:
1. 3 Ways to Use Cleavers for Spring Cleansing | The Herbal Academy
2. Cleavers Monograph | Eclectic School of Herbal Medicine
3. The Cleavers Herb | Herbal Remedies Advice
Genus & Species:Chrysanthemum morifolium
Common Name: Chrysanthemum
Overview: Chrysanthemums are popular multi-petalled flowers native to Asia and northeastern Europe, but now propagated all over the world. Most species originate from East Asia, and China has the most extensive spectrum of varieties and cultivars. The word “chrysanthemum” actually comes from the Greek words for gold – chrysos – and flower – anthemom. [1]
Typically Chrysanthemum is consumed as a tea utilizing smaller yellow or white blooms. The leaves, stalks and root can also be used, but are less commonly so.
Therapeutic Properties: Chrysanthemum has a long history in Traditional Chinese medicine as a cooling herb. Its healing properties are especially linked to the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys. [2]
Typical Uses: Chrysanthemum is often used to treat cold and flu, headache, blurred vision, red eyes, dizziness, and skin sores. It is typically consumed as a tea, but can also be in decoction, pill or powder forms. [3]
References:
1. Chrysanthemum | WebMD
2. How Chrysanthemum Tea Benefits Your Health | Healthline
3. Flos Chrysanthemi | Shen Nong Chinese Herb List
Genus & Species: Eschscholzia californica
Common Names: California Sunlight, Cup of Gold, Golden Poppy
Overview: The California Poppy is an ephemeral but tenacious perennial that is native to the Western United States and Northern Mexico where it can be found in a wide range of soils. [1] This herb is mostly known for its mild sedating and pain-easing actions; however, it’s also effective for relaxing blood vessels and healing damaged skin. While this herb is a cousin of the opium poppy, it contains none of the potent and addictive alkaloids of its infamous relative. In fact, some Native American nations were known to use this herb as a sedative for children because of its gentle action. [2]
Therapeutic Properties: Analgesic, anxiolytic, hypnotic, sedative, antispasmodic, vulnerary, hypotensive, nervine
Typical Uses: Like many herbs, California poppy can have a range of actions depending on how it’s used. When the herb is used topically, either infused into an oil or as a poultice, its vulnerary and analgesic properties will be most prominent. Many different Native American nations would crush the plant and apply it as a compress to ease pain, increase blood flow, and expedite the healing process. [3] Alternatively, the herb can be tinctured or infused into a tea which will bring outs its sedative, hypotensive, and anxiety-reducing effects. California poppy is truly an ideal herb for anyone suffering from insomnia or a nervous heart. [2]
References:
1. Eschscholzia Californica | Missouri Botanical Garden
2. California Poppy | Rebecca’s Herbal Apothecary & Supply
3. Herb of the Week: California Poppy | House of Citrine
Genus & Species: Chamaemelum nobile, Matricaria recutita
Common Names: Roman Chamomile, German Chamomile, Camomilla
Overview: Chamomile is predominantly found in two forms, Roman (nobile) and German (recutita). The former is native to Western Europe and Northern Africa while the latter is native to much of Europe, extending into Western Asia and the Himalayas. [1,2] Both forms have naturalized to the Americas because of their widespread use in herbalism. Within medicine, both kinds of chamomile have strikingly similar properties, targeting and soothing the nervous system, digestive system, and skin. In general, they can be used interchangeably and have proven to be quite safe for children and babies. [3]
Therapeutic Properties: Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiemetic, anti-seizure, antiseptic, analgesic, anxiolytic, digestive, tranquilizer, vulnerary, anti-hemorrhoidal [3,4]
Typical Uses: Chamomile is a wonderfully versatile herb that is able to soothe and rejuvenate both the body and mind. When taken internally as a tea or tincture, chamomile reduces anxiety, insomnia, menstrual cramps, and gastrointestinal stress. It is an ideal remedy when one has the common cold, as it can ease generalized discomfort and encourage the body to rest and heal. [3] Chamomile can also be applied topically, infused into an oil or salve. When used externally, chamomile has been proven to penetrate into the deepest layers of the skin where it can provide its anti-inflammatory and vulnerary effects. [4] This makes chamomile a powerful addition to any skin-care routine or herbal first-aid kit.
References:
1. Chamaemelum nobile | Plants For A Future
2. Matricaria recutita | Plants For A Future
3. A Family Herb: Chamomile Flower | Herbal Academy
4. Chamomile: A Herbal Medicine... | PubMed Central®
Genus & Species: Calendula officinalis
Common Names: Scotch Marigold, Pot Marigold, Ruddles, Gold Bloom, Poor Man’s Saffron
Overview: Calendula is an aromatic flowering annual with resinous and fragrant stems topped with bright orange or yellow flowers. It’s native to Southern Europe, but has now naturalized to much of the world. Historically, calendula was seen as having numerous metaphysical properties. It was thought that the plant had the ability to ward off evil spirits and infectious diseases if one hung the flowers on the door of their home or improve eyesight if one stared at the blooms for a few moments everyday. [1] It was also used for more practical purposes like adding color and flavor to food as a dying cloth during the middle ages in Europe, where it was named Poor Man’s Saffron, s. [2]
Therapeutic Properties: Anti-inflammatory, topical analgesic, astringent, antiseptic, vulnerary, lymphagogue, cholagogue, hemostatic [3]
Typical Uses: When it comes to topically applied herbs, calendula is true royalty. It’s commonly infused into a carrier oil which is then applied onto injured areas of the body. Calendula can be effectively used on burns, scrapes, rashes, bruises, and even bee stings. Its analgesic action allows calendula to offer immediate relief, while its anti-inflammatory, lymphagogue, and vulnerary actions begin to remedy the root cause of discomfort. Calendula’s potent healing properties make it an ideal herb for repairing and protecting skin from everyday environmental damage. [1]
References:
1. Calendula (Calendula Officinalis) | Herb Rally
2. Calendula | Mountain Rose Herbs
3. A Family Herb: Helpful Calendula Blossoms | Herbal Academy
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus & Species: Borago officinalis
Common Names: Borage, Starflower, Bee Bush, Bee Bread, Bugloss
Overview: Borage is an annual medicinal herb with edible leaves and flowers. The aerial parts of the plant, all except for the flower, is covered in white bristles. Flowers are most often bluish purple, although pink flowers appear on occasion. It is native to the Mediterranean but has since been propagated to many other places. In the garden, it is especially popular with bees. The flowers have a taste reminiscent of cucumber. Borage seed oil has one of the highest amounts of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) of seed oils, the GLA content is approximately 24% of the oil.
Therapeutic Properties: Emollient, demulcent, anti-inflammatory, astringent, diuretic (leaves), diaphoretic [1]
Typical Uses: Borage is used to dispel melancholy, allay coughs & fevers, and encourage both sweating and urine flow. It is also encouraged for inducing lactation. One old wives’ tale states that if a woman slipped a bit of borage into a promising man’s drink, it would give him the courage to propose. It also has a reputation as an adrenal tonic that relieves stress. [2] Borage seed oil is being evaluated for a wide range of treatments for conditions ranging from dermatitis, arthritis, and PMS, to ADHD, heart disease, and stroke. [3]
References:
1. Borage Monograph | Herb Rally
2. All About Borage | Permaculture Research Institute
3. Borage | WebMD
]]>Family: Solanaceae
Genus & Species: Withania somnifera
Common Names: Indian Ginseng, Winter Cherry
Overview: Ashwagandha is a perennial shrub in the nightshade family that has been used extensively in the Indian subcontinent where it is recognized as one of the supreme rejuvenative herbs or rasāyana. [1] The cream-colored root is often dried and powderized to be used medicinally. The name comes from two sanskrit root-words, “ashwa” meaning horse and “gandha” which means smell. [2] In addition to the pungent odor of the fresh root, ashwagandha is known within Ayurvedic medicine for its ability to impart the strength and stamina of a stallion to the person who regularly takes it. [3] It strengthens the body’s resistance to disease by improving cell-mediated immunity as well as being a potent antioxidant, reducing the impact of free radicals. [1]
Therapeutic Properties: Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic (anti-parasitic), aphrodisiac, thermogenic, tonic, nervine, adaptogen, anxiolytic, neuroregenerative, immunomodulator, muscle-tonic. [1,2]
Typical Uses: Ashwagandha can be most commonly bought in its powdered form (churna) or as an alcohol tincture. To take advantage of the herb’s anxiety reducing, adaptogenic, and immune boosting properties its best to use the powdered root. [1] It can be mixed with warm water or a milk alternative and a little cinnamon to make a delicious tonic! The tincture can also be a great option for anyone that needs immediate grounding. Topically, ashwagandha can make a fantastic addition to any herbal salve. This will really bring out the herbs anti-inflammatory properties and natural analgesic action.
References:
1. An Overview of Ashwagandha | PubMed Central®
2. The Beginner’s Guide to Ashwagandha | Herbal Academy
3. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) | Herb Rally
]]>Family: Asphodelaceae
Genus & Species: Aloe vera
Common Names: Aloe vera, Medicinal aloe, True aloe, Barbados aloe, Curacao aloe.
Overview: Aloe vera is a succulent plant that grows in arid and subtropical climates. [1] While the whole plant can be used by a trained herbalist, the gel found on the inside of the leaf is most commonly used. Aloe has a long history of use in many cultures, including Greece, Egypt, India, Mexico, Japan, and China. Ancient Egyptians called aloe “the plant of immortality”, hinting at its significance in their cosmetic and medicinal practices. The Egyptian Pharaohs Nefertiti and Cleopatra even used the plant in their regular beauty regimes. [2] Aloe is most commonly used topically to help heal sunburns and other cuts or burns on the skin. Aloe gel was also widely used in Ayurvedic medicine to regulate the digestive tract (the root of good health) and gently cleanse stagnation in the liver. [3]
Therapeutic Properties: Alterative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, demulcent, immunostimulant, mild laxative, topical antihistamine, vulnerary. [2,3,4]
Typical Uses: Aloe has a wide array of topical uses. The gel found on the inside of the leaf can be directly applied to this skin to help treat acute inflammatory conditions such as allergic reactions, burns, and bug bites. It can be particularly helpful on sunburns as it protects the skin from damage caused by UV radiation. [2] Aloe is also a wonderful herb to incorporate into a daily skincare routine because of its anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and anti-aging effects. [2] When the gel is ingested it has a whole other array of benefits. Aloe is very effective for soothing the whole G.I. tract, helping to regulate digestion and elimination and even reduce symptoms associated with stomach ulcers. [2,4]
References:
1. Aloe Vera Gel Research Review | Natural Medicine Journal
2. Aloe Vera: A Short Review | PubMed Central®
3. Aloe Vera The Ayurvedic Miracle Plant | VPK by Maharishi Ayurveda®
4. Aloe Vera Monograph | Herb Rally
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